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Ananth, Christo: Cardiac Patients Monitoring at a Distance, Hamburg, Anchor
Academic Publishing 2017
PDF-eBook-ISBN: 978-3-96067-695-9
Druck/Herstellung: Anchor Academic Publishing, Hamburg, 2017
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ABSTRACT
Nowadays heart attack patients are increasing day by day."Though it
is tough to save the heart attack patients, we can increase the statistics of Saving
the life of that patients & the life of others whom they are responsible for. The
main design of a project is, in order to track the heart attack patients suffered
any attacks during driving and sent them a medical need & to stop the vehicle
which he or she is riding to ensure that the persons along them are safe from
accident. An eye blinking sensor used to sense the blinking of the eye. And a
spO
2
sensor to check the pulse rate of the patient. Both are connected to micro
controller.
If eye blinking gets stopped then the signal is sent to the controller to
make an alarm through the buffer. If spO
2
sensor senses a variation in pulse or
low oxygen content in Blood it may results in heart failure then the controller
stops the motor of the vehicle. Then Tarang F4 transmitter is used to sent the
vehicle & the mobile number of the patient to a nearest medical station within
25 km for medical aid. The pulse rate monitored via LCD .The Tarang F4
receiver receives the signal and passes through controller, the number gets
displayed in the LCD screen and an alarm is produced through a buzzer as soon
the signal is received.
Five topics are discussed in this project : Detecting the patient BPM
and the Eye blinking status; Transmitting via Tarang F4 in case of abnormalities
in patient; The patient status is displayed and indicated by Buzzer; The Hospital
Unit receives the patient's mobile and the car number; The communication
between the vehicle and the Hospital through Tarang F4.
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE
PAGE NO.
ABSTRACT
i
LIST OF TABLES
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
vii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ix
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1 REALTIME MONITORING OF CARDIAC
PATIENTS
1.2 REALTIME MONITORING OF CARDIAC
PATIENTSUSING EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
1.3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN EMBEDDED
SYSTEM DESIGN
1.3.1 Requirement Analysis
1.3.2 System Specification
1.3.3 Architecture Design
1.3.4 Design of Software and Hardware
Components
1.3.5 System Integration
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE EMBEDDED
SYSTEM
1.4.1 Sensor
1.4.2 Signal Conditioning Unit
1.4.3 Processor
1.4.4 Receiver and display section
1.4.5 Operator console
1.5 CONCLUSION
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
ii
2.
3.
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.2 EXISTING SYSTEM
2.2.1 Disadvantages
2.3 CONCLUSION
PROPOSED SYSTEM
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.2.1 Block diagram of Car Unit
3.2.2 Block Diagram of Hospital Unit
3.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION
3.3.1 Car Unit
3.3.2 Hospital Unit
3.4 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
3.4.1 Circuit Diagram of Car Unit
3.4.2 Circuit Diagram of Hospital Unit
3.5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.6 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
3.7 AT MEGA 8535 MICROCONTROLLER
3.7.1 Pin Description
3.7.2 ATMEGA 8535 Architecture
3.7.3 Memory Organization
3.7.4 SRAM Data Memory
3.7.5 Special Function Registers (SFR)
3.7.6 Program Counter
3.7.7 Input/output ports (I/O Ports)
3.7.8
Status Register
5
5
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14
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20
21
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22
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25
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27
iii
3.8 AT MEGA 8 MICROCONTROLLER
3.8.1 Pin Description
3.8.2 ATMEGA 8 Architecture
3.8.3 Memory Organization
3.8.4 Special Function Registers (SFR)
3.8.5 Program Counter
3.8.6 Input/output ports (I/O Ports)
3.9 TARANG
3.9.1 Features
3.10 LCD
3.10.1 LCD Technologies and types
3.10.2 LCD characteristics
3.10.3 Advantages
3.11 BUZZER
3.11.1 Features
3.12 IR SENSOR
3.12.1 Features
3.13 LED
3.13.1 Advantages Of LED
3.14 POWER SUPPLY
3.15 VOLTAGE REGULATOR: (IC 7805)
3.15.1 Features
3.15.2 Description
3.16 RELAY
3.17 KEIL COMPILER
3.18 EMBEDDED C
3.19 CONCLUSION
27
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iv
4.
5.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
44
4.1 INTRODUCTION
44
4.2 CAR UNIT
44
4.2.1 Inference
44
4.2.2 Eye Blinking IR Sensor
45
4.2.3 Heart Beat IR Sensor
46
4.2.4 Tarang
F4 47
4.2.5 Working
48
4.
3 HOSPITAL UNIT 50
4.
3.1 Inference 50
4.
3.2 Buzzer 50
4.
3.3 LCD Display 51
4.
3.4 Working 51
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
52
ENHANCEMENT
5.1 CONCLUSION
52
5.2 SCOPE FOR FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
52
5.3 APPLICATIONS
52
REFERENCES
53
APPENDIX
55
v
TABLE NO.
3.1
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NAME
Status Register
PAGE NO.
27
vi
FIG NO.
1.1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
Block Diagram of a Typical Embedded System
Block Diagram of Car unit
Block Diagram of Hospital unit
Circuit Diagram Of Car Unit
Circuit Diagram Of Hospital Unit
Pin Diagram Of ATMEGA 8535
AT MEGA 8535 Architecture
Pin Diagram of ATMEGA 8
AT MEGA 8 Architecture
Tarang
LCD
Structure Of LED
Circuit diagram of power supply
Relay
Image of Car Unit
IR Transmitter
IR Receiver
LM 358 IC Connected With Eye Blinking Sensor
Circuit
PAGE NO.
3
16
17
19
20
22
25
28
31
33
34
37
39
40
44
45
45
46
vii
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
A LM358 Dual Op-Amp
Pulse Detection sensor
Tarang Module
Top View of Transmitter Car Unit
Front View of Transmitter Car Unit
Image Of Hospital Unit
Buzzer
LCD
46
47
47
48
49
50
51
51
viii
A/D
ALU
BPM
CMOS
ECG
EEG
GPS
GSM
HRV
IR
ISM
LCD
LED
PC
PSU
PUCK
RAM
SFR
WECG
Wi-Fi
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Analog to Digital
Arithmetic Logic Unit
Blood Pressure Monitor
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Electrocardiogram
Electroencephalogram
Global Positioning System
Global System For Mobile
Heart
Rate
Variability
Infrared
Industrial Scientific Medical
Liquid Crystal Display
Light Emitting Diode
Program Counter
Power Supply Unit
Potential Of Unbalanced Complex Kinetics
Random Access Memory
Special Function Registers
Wide Fidelity
Wireless Electrocardiograph
ix
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
REALTIME MONITORING OF CARDIAC PATIENTS
Real time monitoring of cardiac patients are used to protect the heart
patients, including alert systems and the vehicle onboard controllers with
components that communicate with each other. Realtime monitoring of
cardiac patients are typical safety systems since they prevent the death of
heart patients and ensure the safety operations in general.
1.2
REALTIME MONITORING OF CARDIAC PATIENTS USING
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Here we implent a cardiac patient monitoring system in which at the
first level choose the Tarang F4 for the communication which has more
coverage area than the zigbee, for the communication between the vehicle
and Hospital. Hence here we design a system which can be used by the
vehicle and the Hospital which can communicate each other.We design an
automated communication between the patient to Hospital.We also design
the automatic vehicle ignition OFF. As the patient suffers any attack or
he/she is sleeping,the buzzer indicates an alarm and the patient's BPM, eye
blinking ratio is dislayed in LCD as "EYE CLOSED" or NOT.The IR
sensors monitors the both function. Meanwhile the patient's status is
transmitted to the hospital. The mobile number and vehicle number is
displayed on the hospital LCD. And is indicated by an alarm and RED LED.
The Hospital members then tracks the patient.[1]
1
1.3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN
· Requirement analysis.
· System specification.
· Architecture design.
· Design of software and hardware components.
· System integration.
1.3.1 Requirement Analysis
· To gather informal description for the specified task.
· The sensors output are to be monitored in coordination with the GPS
output in simultaneous manner.
· The basic requirements are analyzed the area specification in meters, the
length of the power line fence, the distance between the control section
and the fence section, the sensor network alignment specification are
noted.
1.3.2 System Specification
· The specification is more precise as it serves the requirements.
· The specification in this system is to analyze the sensor needed for the
specific tasks and the GPS specifications.
1.3.3
Architecture Design
· Architectural descriptions must be designed to specify both functional
and non-functional requirements
· The basic flow and the system block diagrammatic evaluation are made
in this process.
· The control section must include two monitoring units. The fence
section includes the sensor networks.
· The outputs of the fence section are given to the control section for
processing.
2
1.3.4 Design of Software and Hardware Components
· The component design effort builds those components in conformance
to the architecture and specification. The components will in general
include both the hardware and the software specifications.
· The processor needed for the sensor networks as well as the monitoring
system specifications are provided in this section of analysis.
· The two section outputs are defined with the requirement and are cross
evaluated.
1.3.5 System Integration
· After the components are built to the satisfaction they are put together
by using buses and the sensor network is placed at the specified location.
· The debugging process is carried out here, the system various
observations are made and the specified localization output is noted.
· The system is pre-evaluated.
1.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Fig 1.1 Block Diagram of a Typical Embedded System
1.4.1 Sensor
A Sensor is an important part of the embedded system its main
function is to gather the information from its specified environment and
Sensor
Signal
conditioning
unit
Processor
Display unit
3
proceeds to the processing units for evaluation.
1.4.2 Signal Conditioning Unit
The sensor output is provided to the signal conditioning unit, the
function of signal conditioning unit is to match the obtained sensor output with
the processor requirements. There are many components in the signal
conditioning section. The basic components are the amplifier, analog to digital
converter.
1.4.3 Processor
A Processor is a programmable device that processes
information by manipulating sensor outputs according to logical rules.
Arithmetic processing is also done in this section. The processor is called as the
heart of the system. In this project we are proposing microcontroller ATMEL
AT89S52 as the processor.
1.4.4 Receiver and display section
The display section is used as a user interface with the processors
output. the receiving section includes the sets of buses and display units which
contribute to the output of the processor being evaluated.
1.4.5 Operator console
The operator is m capable of checking for any resulting errors
and for the entry of requisite data. The operator console is a desktop
application that operators use to communicate with web visitors. It runs on
Window and Linux.
1.5 CONCLUSION
Thus the introduction of our project and introduction to embedded
system is discussed detail in this chapter.
4
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 INTRODUCTION
The following papers have been studied for their working,
advantages and limitations.
[1] Design And Development of a Wireless Remote Point- of-Care Patient
Monitoring System, Whitchurch, A.K.; Abraham, J.K.; vol., no., pp.163,166.
Inference:
Whitchurch, A.K proposed a system describes the point of care
patient monitoring system.
Remote patient monitoring is an alternative to
regular home check-ups of patients with certain special medical conditions or
the elderly who are unable to regularly visit
a
healthcare facility. This
technology reduces the number of home visits which are now only required
when special attention is needed. This paper presents the design and
development of a remote point-of-care patient monitoring system which allows
the patient to be monitored remotely while remaining in the comfort of their
home.The
system described here allows
wireless
data acquisition from
eight patient-worn sensors. The number and type of sensors are configurable
according to the subject's specific condition. The system uses the standard
Bluetooth
technology for communication with a home based monitor which in
turn relays this data to the remote healthcare facility using the internet. This data
can be used for real-time evaluation of the patient's conditions as well as data
logging for later analysis. Since this is a configurable system, a few selected
5
sensors are connected to
demonstrate the concept of remote patient monitoring;
these include Electrocardiogram (ECG), Electroencephalogram (EEG), Airflow,
respiration, patient movement
and body temperature. The results obtained from
these tests are also presented in this paper.
Advantages of this system
· An alternative to regular home check-ups of patients with certain special
medical conditions or the elderly who are unable to regularly
visit a healthcare facility.
Limitations
· This method is suitable for only the patient is not in motion.
[2]
Wireless ECG Monitoring and Alarm System Using Zigbee, Apostu, O.;
Hagiu, B.; vol., no., pp.1,4.
Inference:
Apostu, O. proposed a system describes the ECG Monitoring using
Zigbee. This paper presents the development of a system for wireless ECG
monitoring and alarm using ZigBee. The system is intended for home use by
patients that are not in a critical condition but need to be constant or periodically
monitored by clinicians or family. Patient monitoring is the cornerstone of
proper medical care. It provides clinicians the much needed information about a
person's current health status, so that they can act accordingly if anything goes
wrong. Nowadays, complex patient monitoring systems offer the possibility of
continuously
monitoring
a multitude of biological signals, analyze them,
interpret them and take the appropriate action; or alert clinicians if necessary.
The usual shortcomings of most of these systems reside in affecting patient
mobility and home comfort. A patient would need to be sitting on a bed wired to
these devices in order for his vital signs to be monitored. This system measures,
records and presents in real-time the electrical activity of the heart while
preserving comfort of the patient. The device is built as a low-power, small-
6
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